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Plum (Prunus domestica)

The plum is probably one of the most tempting fruits. With its juicy sweetness and the multitude of possibilities for processing it, from cakes and compotes to countless and, above all, irresistible desserts, who could say no to that?

frisch gepflückte Pflaumen liegen in einem Körbchen, eine ist appetitlich angeschnitten. Daneben ein Foto von reifen Pflaumen an einem Baum.
© Fotolia

Cultivation – How does it work?

A plum tree will eventually require a space of approximately 4 by 4 meters. With weak rootstocks, this may be significantly less. Planting in the fall is recommended, although spring planting is also possible.

Location – Where is best?

Plums prefer sunny locations, so their location should ideally be in the sun. They prefer humus-rich but well-drained soil. It should also ideally be medium-heavy, sandy-loamy, and slightly warm.

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Care – What needs to be done?

Depending on the variety and location, plums are very to moderately hardy. Prune the young plants back to three or four leading branches in spring to train them into a tree or shrub. The trunk should be at least 75 centimeters tall. Once the crown is fully developed, you should reduce the new shoots in summer. To do so, simply remove the harvested shoots. If your plum tree has an excessive fruit load, it is best to thin out the fruit at the end of May—before the natural fruit drop in June—to prevent branches from breaking or rotting. Plums bear fruit primarily on two- to four-year-old branches, with a peak yield in the third year.

© Fotolia

Harvest – What should you consider?

Since plums ripen at different rates depending on the amount of light, they are best picked in sections from the tree. The ripening period usually extends until the end of summer, between July and September, depending on the conditions. About two weeks after they turn blue, the plums can be harvested without the stem. Plums are wonderful as snacks, but they only develop their full flavor after cooking. Therefore, they are particularly popular for processing into compote, plum jam, or juice.

Botany – What kind of plant is this?

The juicy plums, up to six centimeters in size, belong to the stone fruit family and belong to the rose family. The blossoms of this deciduous tree, shining white against the foliage from mid-spring onwards, offer a beautiful sight. It is believed that the original plum species is a chance hybrid originating from southern Europe or Eurasia.
Plum trees grow and thrive best in cool, temperate climates with regular summer rainfall. Late frost, however, is a real enemy, as the trees bloom very early. It would be disastrous for the blossoms. In colder regions where late frosts are likely, trellis-supported cultivation against a warm wall is recommended. Most plum varieties are self-pollinating, although some are only partially self-pollinating or even self-sterile.
If you're unsure whether a plum is a damson or even a greengage, look for the "fruit seam." This is a kind of longitudinal notch on one side of the fruit.

© Fotolia

Cultural history – How did the plum come to us?

It's impossible to say for sure, but it's suspected that the plum originated in Asia Minor. From there, it came to Italy around 150 BC along with the Romans on their military campaign, and gradually managed to "conquer" all of Europe.

Varieties – Which are recommended?

Many plum varieties are self-pollinating. For non-self-pollinating varieties, it's best to plant pollinators. These include sloes, ornamental plums, and Mirabelle de Nancy plums.
The most popular plum varieties include:

Ruth Gerstetter: large, oval, dark blue, ripening time July, warm location required

Ontario plum: round, green-yellow, ripening in August, self-fertile

The Czar: large, oval, black-blue, very juicy and sweet, ripening in August, self-fertile

Opal: red-violet, light blue frost, ripening in August, self-fertile

TEXT: Carina Naeve

© Fotolia

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